Conditions and treatment options
Migraine
Migraine care starts with a clear diagnosis and a plan for acute treatment and prevention. We also discuss research into MMA embolization for selected patients with difficult-to-treat migraine. This remains an emerging research application; it is not a guaranteed cure.
Explore migraine care and research
Cerebral aneurysm
A brain aneurysm is a weakened area of an artery that bulges outward. Evaluation considers rupture history, size, shape, location, growth, and individual risk. Options may include observation with imaging, endovascular coiling or flow diversion, or microsurgical clipping. A ruptured aneurysm is an emergency.
Cerebral aneurysm: diagnosis, treatment & common questions ↗
Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
An AVM is an abnormal connection between arteries and veins without the usual intervening capillary network. Management may involve observation, embolization, microsurgery, radiosurgery, or a combination. Embolization can be part of a broader treatment plan; treatment of one part does not necessarily remove all future bleeding risk.
Brain AVM: diagnosis, treatment & common questions ↗
Cranial dural arteriovenous fistula
A dural fistula is an abnormal artery-to-vein connection in the covering of the brain. Symptoms and risk depend especially on venous drainage. Cerebral angiography can define the fistula and guide planning. Depending on the anatomy, treatment may use endovascular embolization or surgery; selected lower-risk lesions may be monitored.
Dural AVF: diagnosis, treatment & common questions ↗
Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula
Abnormal arterial flow into a spinal vein can cause venous congestion and progressive spinal cord dysfunction. Symptoms may include leg weakness, walking difficulty, sensory changes, and bladder or bowel problems. Spinal angiography identifies the connection. Embolization or microsurgical disconnection is selected according to the vascular anatomy.
Spinal dural AVF: diagnosis, treatment & common questions ↗
Carotid artery disease
Plaque in a carotid artery can increase stroke risk. Evaluation considers the degree of narrowing, symptoms, imaging, other conditions, and procedural risk. Medical prevention is essential. Some patients benefit from carotid endarterectomy or a stenting procedure; narrowing does not automatically mean that a stent is needed.
Read about stroke prevention
Carotid stenosis: diagnosis, treatment & common questions ↗
Intracranial artery narrowing
Atherosclerosis can narrow arteries inside the brain. Antithrombotic treatment, cholesterol and blood-pressure management, and risk-factor changes are central to care. Stenting is not recommended as routine initial treatment for symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis. Persistent symptoms call for reassessment and careful specialist discussion of selected additional options.
Intracranial stenosis: diagnosis, treatment & common questions ↗
Moyamoya disease
Moyamoya involves progressive narrowing of major arteries supplying the brain and development of small collateral vessels. It can cause ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Imaging and blood-flow assessment help guide treatment. We coordinate with cerebrovascular surgeons when revascularization surgery is being considered.
Moyamoya disease: diagnosis, treatment & common questions ↗
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Raised pressure around the brain may cause headache, optic nerve swelling, and vision problems. Care involves confirming the diagnosis, protecting vision, and treating contributing factors. Selected patients may be evaluated for venous sinus stenting after appropriate venous imaging and pressure assessment. Other treatments include medication, weight management when appropriate, and surgical options.
IIH and venous sinus stenting: diagnosis, treatment & common questions ↗
Chronic subdural hematoma
MMA embolization targets vessels that help sustain some chronic subdural collections. It can reduce recurrence in selected patients, often alongside surgical drainage. It does not immediately remove a blood collection or replace urgent decompression when that is needed.
See the current MMAE evidence and treatment options